EUROPEAN CITIZENS ( EU, EEA, Schengen )
EU: The institutive European Union Treaty (Art. 18) establishes
that any citizen of the European Union has the right to stay
and circulate freely in the territory of the member States (under
certain conditions).
EEA: The citizens of the 18 countries belonging to the
European
Economic Area (EEA ), pursuant to the EEA treaty, have the
right to look for and find a job in any of the other member
States. As far as the free settlement is concerned, measures
on the equivalence on the mutual acknowledgment of the qualifications
are applied in the same way in the whole EEA area.
The free circulation
of people and the abolishment of the controls at the internal
frontiers are part of a broader concept, i.e. the one concerning
the internal market which does not allow the existence of internal
frontiers nor of obstacles to the movement of people within
the Schengen
Area.
Any citizen of the Union that wish to stay for more than three months in another Member State is requested to possess a carta di soggiorno (residence card)
This document, which is necessary only to confirm the right
to stay of all the citizens of the Union, is released upon
presentation of some additional documents, which must be provided
by the applying person depending on his own situation.
The residence permit is valid for 5 years, i.e. for the period
needed in connection with the purposes of the staying, it
is renewable and constitutes the personal identity document
for no more than five years from the date of its release or
renewal.
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The
European Researcher's Mobility Portal 
Visa, entry and residency permits, work permits
Social security rights